Geothermal
What is Geothermal Energy?
Geothermal energy is heat generated from beneath the Earth's surface. In Illinois, ground temperatures remain around 50–55 degrees Fahrenheit throughout all seasons. In the winter, ground temperatures are warmer than the air around your property, and cooler in the summer when outside temperatures are higher. Geothermal Heat Pumps (GHP) can be used to circulate ground temperature into your property. This system reduces the energy used to heat or cool your property since it uses existing energy from the ground.
How It Works
Pipes are installed underground that circulate a water-based solution. During winter months, this solution absorbs heat from the ground and releases it into your home. Alternately, the solution will take heat from your home and circulate it through the ground to release heat in the summer.
A geothermal system is composed of three parts, a heat pump located inside your home, a ground loop system, and a distribution system such as air ducts or hydronics that spread heated or cooled air throughout your home. There are several types of geothermal systems that you can use depending on the area around your home.
Types of Loops: Depending on your type of pump, soil, and land availability certain types of loop systems may be better for your property than others. It is best to have a professional assess your property to identify the best option.
Closed loop system: Horizontal
A horizontal loop is installed flat along the ground; it is dug 4-6 feet down and is best used when there is a lot of available land. The area of the loop can range from 100-300 feet.
Diagram credit: About Geothermal
Closed loop system: Pond Loop
A pond loop can be used when there is a large body of water nearby. Pipes are anchored at the bottom of the body of water to provide consistent temperatures. The body of water needs to be at least 8-10 feet to prevent freezing.
Diagram credit: About Geothermal
Closed loop system: Vertical
A vertical loop requires drilling down to 150 -200 feet; pipes are inserted straight down with a U-shaped pipe to form a loop. This is best used when there is less space.
Diagram credit: About Geothermal
Open loop system
An open loop system uses a discharge area such as a river, drainage ditch, field tile, stream, pond, or lake. It takes ground water through the heat pump then expels it out. Since the water isn’t recycled through, this option requires a large source of clean water.
Diagram credit: About Geothermal
Environmental Benefits
- Geothermal energy produces fewer greenhouse gases by using the earth’s energy instead of releasing gases into the atmosphere. It can also be more reliable than other sources of energy that rely on certain weather conditions.
Economic Benefits
- Investing in a geothermal heat pump can provide lower heating and cooling bills, savings on heating and cooling costs can range from 30-70% per year. An underground loop can last 50 or more years, and the indoor unit typically lasts 20-25 years. Making geothermal an effective long-term solution.
Investing in a geothermal system may qualify you for the Residential Clean Energy Tax Credit. This credit covers 30% of the installation cost for systems installed between 2022 and 2032. You can claim the credit each year you install eligible equipment, until the credit begins to phase out in 2033. Geothermal pumps need to be Energy Star certified to qualify. To learn more about the qualifications visit Federal Tax Credits for Energy Efficiency | ENERGY STAR.
Additionally, homeowners can save up to $6,000 on a geothermal heat pump system through ComEd’s program. To apply, you must work with an ICC-certified contractor from the ComEd Service Provider network and receive pre-approval before installation. To learn more visit Home Heating & Cooling Discounts | ComEd - An Exelon Company.
Geothermal heat pumps are known for being low-maintenance systems, but like any equipment, a little care goes a long way.
- Every 1–3 months check air filters and clean or replace them if dirty.
- Once or twice a year during Spring or Fall inspect the system for a more thorough cleaning and to make sure there are no leaks or odd noises.
- Annually, have a professional tune-up; they’ll check the anti-freeze levels, clean coils, and ensure everything runs efficiently.
- Ground loops (the buried part of the system) are durable and usually maintenance-free for decades.
An example of Best Practices and Tips for system maintenance can be found here.
Geothermal energy supports the Village’s goal of reaching 100% renewable energy for municipal buildings by 2040. The Village is already exploring geothermal options as part of its Renewable Energy Implementation Plan. By using geothermal systems in municipal buildings and encouraging residents to do the same, Northbrook is reducing dependence on fossil fuels, cutting utility costs, and taking meaningful steps toward a more sustainable future.
Local Geothermal Projects
- Fire Station 11, located at 820 Dundee Road, will include a Geothermal Well System and Solar Panels
- The adaptive reuse of 3504 Commercial Avenue for a Fleet Maintenance Garage will include a Geothermal Well System
- Northbrook News • Village Board Approves Schematic Designs F
Frequently Asked Questions and Additional Resources
Yes, if you want to install a geothermal heat pump you will need to fill out a permit application and submit it electronically, along with the related drawings, to permits@northbrook.il.us , visit Alternative Energy Source | Northbrook, IL for application requirements.
Geothermal heat pumps typically have a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 3 to 4, meaning they provide 3 to 4 units of energy for every 1 unit consumed. In comparison, traditional electric heating systems have a COP of 1, making geothermal systems significantly more efficient.
Geothermal heat pumps are best for homeowners with yard space or access to drilling. They can be added to new construction or retrofits. Geothermal heat pumps can work in all climates, but especially efficient in Illinois due to temperature range.
Geothermal pumps range from $10,000 to $25,000 cost may differ depending on the type of loop, original heating/cooling set up and incentive programs.
Geothermal Alliance of Illinois (GAOI)-Is a statewide trade association for the geothermal heat pump industry in Illinois. They also provide educational material and trusted installers for those interested in geothermal energy.
U.S Department of Energy- Provides more information on geothermal energy and heat pumps.
EnergyStar (EPA)- Energy star lists certified geothermal heat pump models and rebate information guidelines set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Citizens for Utility Board (CUB): Provides multiple resources for energy efficiency with information on how to save energy and programs to get involved in.
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)- provides information on current research and studies on geothermal performance and costs.
Geothermal Heat Pump: How It Works - This Old House- provides further details on benefits, costs, and retrofitting considerations.